• Fitch Solutions has revised slightly lower its Short-Term Political Risk Index score for Mexico from 62.9 to 61.3 out of 100, and the Long-Term Political Risk Index score from 56.3 to 55.3, reflecting cuts to the policy-making and characteristics of polity subcomponents respectively. 
• These downward revisions come in response to renewed attempts by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) to increase the role that the state plays in what he views as strategically-important economic sectors and to erode checks and balances on executive power.
• While these initiatives have been long-running features of AMLO’s presidency – reflecting his nostalgia for a more state-centred development model, efforts have been noticeably ramped up in recent months. 
• On May 19, AMLO issued a decree announcing that the army would temporarily seize three sections of a railway operated by Ferrosur (a subsidiary of Grupo México) in the state of Veracruz after the government failed to reach a deal with the firm. AMLO has argued that the seizure was necessary to ensure the timely completion of the Interoceanic Corridor that aims to link ports on Mexico’s Atlantic and Pacific coasts. 
• In addition to these direct actions, the government also passed separate reforms in April that will see the military’s presence in the economy continue to expand and play a bigger role in policing Mexico’s airspace.
• AMLO’s latest actions have undeniably resulted in a further deterioration of the investment climate, reflecting increased risks to the security of private property.
• Notwithstanding, the fact that AMLO’s term in office will end in November 2024 (he is constitutionally banned from running again) should help to contain the lasting damage posed by his populist policies which thus led to the downward revision of the risk indices. 

(Source: Fitch Solutions)

• Numerous persons in Guyana are opting for temporary employment despite multiple long-term job openings. This is because people no longer place much value on work; thus, it is crucial to rekindle their understanding of these ideas.
• This was highlighted by President Dr. Irfaan Ali while delivering his address at the Twelfth Subregional International Labour Organisation Meeting of Caribbean Labour Ministers opening at the Guyana Marriot Hotel on Tuesday, May 23.
• Stressing that the labour framework within the Caribbean region needs to be changed, the President said that Guyana has already taken steps to make this happen.
• He voiced that the Government of Guyana is working towards making tertiary education free, expanding the technical vocational education training and building an international hospitality centre training institute.
• He said, “We, the Government of Guyana, are now providing the facilities and the technology for all our teachers to become trained teachers in the next three years, a tremendous, but necessary investment. We are building a framework of benefits and salary that allow us to retain our workers.”
• Emigration makes it difficult for the country to maintain a high intellectual standard and labour force, while potentially dampening productivity per capita and overall economic growth in the long run.
• That said, these efforts should aid in retaining the country’s labour force and reducing brain drain, as with the current global labour challenges that persist, Caribbean countries have now become a “recruitment ground” for more developed states.
• Guyana along with Jamaica and Haiti are the only Caribbean nations in the top 10 rank out of 177 countries on the 2022 edition of the human flight and brain drain index, being ranked in tenth, second and ninth places respectively.

(Source: Guyana Chronicles)

• The number of Americans filing new claims for unemployment benefits increased moderately last week and data for the two weeks prior was revised sharply lower. This was likely due to the fraudulent applications from Massachusetts being stripped out, indicating persistent labour market strength.
• The report from the Labour Department on Thursday, also showed fewer people collecting unemployment checks in mid-May, suggesting that the economy was enjoying another month of strong employment gains and a lower jobless rate. "The worrisome trend of more layoffs just got completely revised away where the labour market isn't loosening up as much as Fed officials and markets had thought," said Christopher Rupkey, chief economist at FWDBONDS in New York.
• Initial claims for state unemployment benefits increased by 4,000 to a seasonally adjusted 229,000 for the week ended May 20 with Economists polled by Reuters having forecasted 245,000 overall claims for the latest week. The low claims align with recent data on retail sales, factory production and business activity that have suggested the economy regained speed at the start of the second quarter.
• Given that the labour market outcomes factor greatly into the Fed’s interest rate decisions, lower-than-expected unemployment claims and stronger business and factory production readings in Q2 could mean more rate hikes are on the horizon. This could increase the possibility of a recession, intensify the banking system issue and contribute to tighter lending conditions in the USA.

(Source: Reuters)

• Germany has slipped into recession as last year’s energy price shock takes its toll on consumer spending. Output in Europe’s largest economy dropped 0.3% in the first three months of the year, following a 0.5% contraction at the end of 2022, official data showed Thursday.
• “The persistence of high price increases continued to be a burden on the German economy at the start of the year,” the office said. “This was particularly reflected in household final consumption expenditure, which was down 1.2% in the first quarter of 2023.”
• Claus Vistesen, chief euro-area economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, said spending by consumers in the first quarter was crimped by “the shock in energy prices.” European energy prices were already rising when Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February last year sent them soaring to record highs. Moscow then went on to throttle gas supplies to European countries, prompting Germany to declare an emergency.
• In a sign that Germany’s recession may prove short-lived, timelier survey data showed earlier this week that business activity in the country expanded again in May, despite a sharp downturn in manufacturing. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz described the outlook for the economy as “very good,” pointing to measures his government has taken in recent months to expand renewable energy production and attract foreign workers.
• However, Franziska Palmas, senior Europe economist at Capital Economics, forecast that German output would shrink again in the third and fourth quarters. The German economy is expected to shrink by 0.1% in 2023, according to the latest forecast from the International Monetary Fund.

 (Source: CNN Business)

• The Ministry of Tourism is taking steps to ensure Jamaica realises outturns projected for visitor arrivals and earnings over this year’s summer period, between June and August. Portfolio Minister, Hon. Edmund Bartlett, advised that Jamaica is forecast to welcome approximately 1.2 million visitors and earn some US$1.5 billion during the period, to make it the best summer in the industry’s history.
• He said the projected arrivals represent an 87.5% load factor of the 1.4 million airlift seats already secured, noting that the latter is a 16 percentage points increase over 2019. However, Mr. Bartlett said consequent on “certain negatives” and “headwinds” acknowledged, that could derail the projections, he will be leading a high-powered delegation to Jamaica’s top visitor source market, the United States, beginning the first week of June, for meetings with stakeholder counterparts.
• The Minister was speaking during the official opening of the new Sandals Dunn’s River Hotel in Mammee Bay, St. Ann on May 19. Mr. Bartlett said it is imperative that Jamaica remains proactive and doesn’t allow the industry’s current upward trajectory to taper off, particularly in light of the sacrifices made to revitalize tourism to pre-COVID-19 levels.
• Meanwhile, President of the American Society of Travel Advisors (ASTA), Zane Kerby, said Jamaica’s tourism product continues to be first-rate, noting that the new Sandals Dunn’s River property will add to the country’s allure. He said Jamaica is in a unique position, based on its association with Sandals International Resorts, pointing out that the 18,000 travel advisors who are members of the ASTA see both entities as one.
• He further highlighted that the island remains a top-10 destination for aspirational visits by Americans, citing as the main reasons “proximity, warm hospitality, crystal blue beaches, food, music, culture, and the attractions”.

(Source: JIS News)

• The Bahamas National Statistical Institute (BNSI) in its latest Consumer Price Index (CPI) report for March highlighted that the inflation rate in the country increased by 0.4% when compared to the 0.1% increase between January and February. The BNSI releases monthly reports on the country’s CPI.
• According to the BNSI, the breakout category of furnishing, and household equipment saw an increase of 6.5% when compared to February, while the miscellaneous goods and services category increased by 1.6%. The report further revealed that for March, clothing and footwear saw a decline of 0.9%.
• “On a year-over-year basis, the CPI rose 4% over the same period last year in 2022,” the report said. “The major categories that contributed to this rise included recreation and culture, alcoholic beverages, along with food and non-alcoholic beverages, with increases of 17%, 11% and 8% respectively.”
• The report also revealed that diesel prices were up 12% in March, while gasoline prices declined by 8% compared to the same period in 2022. However, when compared to February 2023, gasoline prices decreased by 9%, while diesel prices declined by only 2% in March.
• The inflation rate that peaked in 2022 (5.4%) has begun to steadily decline, though remaining above the historical average inflation of 2.1% per year (between 2002 and 2022).

(Source: The Nassau Guardian)

• Brazil's finance ministry forecasts a primary budget deficit of 136.2 billion reais ($27.22 billion) this year, compared to 107.6 billion reais projected in March, according to its bi-monthly revenue and expenditure report released on Monday.
• According to the report, this year's budget is 1.7 billion reais over the spending ceiling, indicating the government would need to find additional funds elsewhere.
• While Brazil's target for the 2023 primary deficit sits at 228.1 billion reais, Finance Minister Fernando Haddad has promised to reduce it to a deficit goal of around 100 billion reais, via spending cuts and seeking new revenue streams.
• This comes at a time when the government's proposed fiscal framework targets a zero primary deficit in 2024, followed by a primary surplus equal to 0.5% of GDP in 2025 and 1% of GDP in 2026 as mandated by the country’s new fiscal reform mandate.
• To achieve this goal, the government must balance public accounts by limiting spending to create a new horizon for economic and social development by declining debt while preserving social and investment spending over time.

(Source: Reuters)

• Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey said he was concerned about the risk of "sticky and stubborn" inflation over the summer after data showed food prices still rising sharply despite a drop back to single digits for the headline inflation rate in April.
• Data published earlier on Wednesday showed the consumer price index rose by 8.7% in annual terms last month. That was down from 10.1% in March and a peak of 11.1% last October but was higher than expected by economists polled by Reuters.
• Bailey, speaking at a Wall Street Journal (WSJ) event, said the fall in April's inflation rate was "welcome" but the BoE had to focus on food prices which were up 19.0% over the 12 months to April and core inflation which gathered steam.
• Food companies had signed up for contracts that represented higher-than-usual costs after last year's energy price surge, meaning a fall in raw material prices could take a long time to work its way through to consumers.

(Source: Reuters)

• Federal Reserve officials were divided at their last meeting over where to go with interest rates, with some members seeing the need for more increases while others expected a slowdown in growth to remove the need to tighten further, minutes released Wednesday showed.
• Essentially, the debate came down to two scenarios. One that was advocated by “some” members judged that progress in reducing inflation was “unacceptably slow” and would necessitate further hikes. The other, backed by “several” FOMC members, saw slowing economic growth in which “further policy firming after this meeting may not be necessary.”
• While the future expectations differed, there appeared to be strong agreement that a path in which the Fed has hiked rates 10 times for a total of 5 percentage points since March 2022 is no longer as certain.
• FOMC officials also spent some time discussing the problems in the banking industry that have seen multiple medium-sized institutions shuttered. The minutes noted that members are ready to use their tools to make sure the financial system has enough liquidity to cover its needs. At the March meeting, Fed economists had noted that the expected credit contraction from the banking stresses likely would tip the economy into recession.
• They repeated that assertion at the May meeting, though they noted that if credit tightness abated, that would be an upside risk for economic growth. The minutes noted that the scenario for less impact from banking is “viewed as only a little less likely than the baseline.”
• Chair Jerome Powell weighed in last week, providing little indication he’s thinking about rate cuts though he said that the banking issues could negate the need for increases.

(Source: CNBC)

• Jamaica’s economy is estimated to have grown in the range of 4% to 5.5% for the fiscal year 2022/23. This outturn, according to Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) Governor, Richard Byles, is consistent with the range previously anticipated by the institution.
• Mr. Byles, who noted that the economy continues to grow strongly, indicated that the estimated outturn for the January to March 2023 quarter ranged between 3.5 and 4.5%. This, he pointed out, “is a faster growth rate than the 3.8% recorded for the October to December 2022 quarter”. However, this figure was below the outturn of 6.4% recorded in the January – March 2022 quarter.
• Mr. Byles said there are also signs that the economy continues to expand for the April to June 2023 quarter, and overall gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the fiscal year 2023/24 is projected to be in the range of 1 to 3%.
• He noted that the Bank expects that growth this year will be largely driven by the resumption of production at the JAMALCO alumina plant, supported by some improvement in agriculture and manufacturing production.

(Source: JIS News)