• Panamanian authorities began an audit of the China-linked company that controls two ports adjacent to the Panama Canal, as President Donald Trump repeats threats to take over the waterway.
• The comptroller’s office sent a team of auditors on Monday (Jan 20) to the local offices of the Panama Ports Company, a subsidiary of Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing’s CK Hutchison Holdings, to launch their investigation, the comptroller’s office said on X.
• Comptroller General Anel Bolo Flores said last week the probe would seek to verify compliance with the terms of a 25-year concession granted to the company and promised a “severe and strong” financial audit. Panama initially granted the concession in 1998, and the Panama Maritime Authority authorised its renewal in 2021.
• The scrutiny comes as Trump accuses Panama of allowing China to meddle in the canal. In his inaugural address on Monday, Trump reiterated his claim that China is operating the waterway and said that his administration would take it back.
• Panama’s government has repeatedly denied that there is any Chinese presence in the canal, and Trump has not yet produced any evidence to contradict this. Panama’s President Jose Raul Mulino on Monday reiterated in a post on X that the canal will remain under Panamanian control.

(Sources: Bloomberg & Business Times)

• Mexico's headline and core inflation rates will likely land below 4% in January, deputy central bank governor Jonathan Heath told newspaper Excelsior in a story published on Monday, adding that the bank does not need to exaggerate a restrictive posture.
• The central banker's forecast comes as some brace for upward pressure on prices, as the incoming U.S. president, Donald Trump, has threatened blanket tariffs on its southern neighbour's exports to the United States in addition to mass deportations. Both have the potential to drive inflation.
• Heath, one of four members of the central bank's policy-setting board, also told the newspaper that he aims to lower the Latin American economy's inflation rate to the bank's 3% target. In December, Mexico's headline inflation rate eased to 4.21%, according to official data, which also saw the core rate tick up to 3.65%.
• At the time, Heath hailed the evolution of prices as "good news," as inflation slowed to its lowest rate since October 2023.

(Source: Reuters)

• British pay growth stayed stubbornly strong in the three months to November but there were more signs of a softening jobs market, according to data on Tuesday that reinforced the current outlook for Bank of England interest rates.
• Growth in private-sector pay excluding bonuses - a measure watched closely by the BoE as a gauge of domestic inflation pressure - rose to 6.0% in the three months to November from 5.5% in the three months to October.
• It was the strongest reading since February 2024 and suggested that the central bank's fourth-quarter forecast of 5.1% will be overshot by a wide margin. Sterling and market expectations for a Bank of England interest rate cut on Feb. 6 were largely unmoved by the data.
• Economists and investors expect the BoE to cut its main interest rate by 0.25 percentage points to 4.5% on Feb. 6, and economists polled by Reuters expect three further cuts this year. Meanwhile, markets expect one or two more after February. While pay growth pointed to persistent inflationary pressure, other measures of labour market health pointed in the opposite direction.
• However, the survey used for calculating the unemployment rate is being overhauled after response rates fell too low to be a reliable gauge of the jobs market. Separate data provided by employers to the tax authorities showed the number of employees dropped by 47,000 in December. This is the sharpest fall since November 2020, following a 32,000 drop a month earlier.

Source: (Reuters)

• As Donald Trump begins his second term as U.S. president, currency speculators are giving the dollar their strongest backing since before he was first given keys to the White House.
• The question now, is whether this signals more USD strength ahead or marks the peak of the current cycle for the "mighty dollar", as Trump referred to the greenback late last year. The bullish dollar trade has had a remarkable run since late September when investors began betting on a stronger U.S. economy, 'higher for longer' U.S. interest rates, and a Trump victory.
• In the three and a half months since then, Commodity Futures Trading Commission funds have flipped a leveraged net short¹ dollar position against major and key emerging market currencies worth around $15Bn to a leveraged net long position worth over $35Bn. That's the biggest 'long' since January 2016.
• At the same time, the dollar index, a measure of the dollar's value against its G10 peers, rose 10% to its highest level in more than two years, posting multi-year peaks against sterling and the Canadian dollar as well as record highs against emerging market currencies like the Brazilian real and Indian rupee.
• As the 'Trump 2.0' era begins, the dollar index is some 20% higher than its average over the past quarter of a century and at levels rarely seen since the 1980s. As Societe Generale's Kit Juckes notes, the dollar might be "mighty" but may also be "getting a little bit ahead of itself."
• Analysts at Morgan Stanley agree, announcing on Friday that they were turning bearish on the dollar and recommend selling it against the euro, sterling, and yen. They argue that most of the economic fundamentals and dynamics that have strengthened the dollar recently – and there have been many - are fully priced into the dollar's exchange rate or even over-priced in some cases.

________________________________

¹A long position is essentially a bet that an asset will rise in value, and a short position is a wager its price will fall.

(Source: Reuters)

• Data from the 2023 Economic and Social Survey of Jamaica (ESSJ) shows that micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have made steady gains in their numbers and sales compared to 2022. Sales from MSMEs rose by 1.2%, totalling $207.4Bn, driven by the performance of micro and medium-sized firms across various sectors, including Electricity and Water Supply, Mining and Quarrying, and Manufacturing.
• Details were provided by the Director General of the Planning Institute of Jamaica (PIOJ), Dr. Wayne Henry, at the opening of the Ministry of Industry, Investment and Commerce’s ‘MSME Business Roadshow’, on January 16^th.
• “Providing micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) with the opportunities to access services and facilitating access to financing to bolster their initiatives, represents a pivotal stride towards advancing economic development and mitigating poverty,” Dr. Henry said.
• The Director General noted that data from the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) showed that Loans to Local Business Firms increased by 18.5% in 2023. Additionally, government initiatives, like the provision of funds to organisations for on-lending, tax incentives, and business development programmes, alongside private-sector initiatives, played crucial roles in fostering this growth.
• On average, business and consumer confidence improved, with the Index of Business Confidence averaging 139.8 points and the Index of Consumer Confidence rising to 163.0 points, indicating a positive economic outlook.
• Underscoring the critical role of the MSME sector in advancing the fundamental components of Jamaica’s economic structure, Dr Henry said that they play essential roles in promoting equity, preserving wealth, fostering economic growth, generating employment opportunities, facilitating sustained development, encouraging innovation, and expanding the private sector.

(Source: JIS)

• Jamaica’s Prime Minister, Dr the Most Honourable Andrew Holness, will set the tone at the Jamaica Stock Exchange’s (JSE’s) three-day conference from January 21 – 23, 2025 under the theme “Safeguarding the Capital Markets: People, Opportunities and Progress”. Prime Minister Holness will address the topic ‘Fueling Economic Development by Fostering a Pro-Business Environment’.
• The JSE conference will be an ‘in-person’ event with limited virtual access according to organisers in Kingston who expect hundreds of participants from Asia, Africa, Europe, North and South America, and several CARICOM countries.
• World-class leaders and industry experts from various sectors will gather at the annual event to share success secrets and help demystify complex topics in the presence of other leading entrepreneurs and noted professionals in their respective fields.
• The early-year conference is usually a fillip for participants to gain insights to help them succeed. It will feature addresses from other stakeholders including Finance Minister Mrs Fayval Williams with her address on ‘Empowering a Nation: Transforming Government Assets into Wealth for the People.’; Opposition Spokesman on Finance and Chairman of Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee (PAC) legislator Julian J. Robinson who will detail strategies on ‘Empowering People by Providing Opportunities for Progress’; and Mr Gregory Fisher, Managing Director and Head of EM Fixed Income Wealth Management at Jefferies on the topic, ‘The World Economy, Opportunities and Threats in 2025 and Beyond’.

(Source: JSE)

• Guyana's economy achieved its fifth consecutive year of double-digit growth in 2024, expanding 43.6% as oil output and exports showed solid increases, Guyana’s Finance minister said on Friday, January 17^th, but the expansion is expected to slow this year.
• The oil sector expanded 57.7%, while the non-oil sector grew 13.1% last year, the minister said.
• Oil output rose to an average of 616,000 barrels per day (bpd) from 391,000 bpd the previous year as a consortium led by U.S. major Exxon Mobil which controls all production in the country, continued expanding operations and completed a key upgrade at its offshore facilities. A fourth floating oil production facility expected this year will add 250,000 bpd of output capacity to the Exxon consortium's operations.
• The nation's oil revenue increased to $2.57Bn in 2024, including crude sales made by the government and $348Mn in royalties received from the Exxon group, compared with $1.62Bn in 2023, including $218.1Mn in royalties.
• However, economic growth is expected to slow in 2025, with a 10.6% expansion mainly fueled by the non-oil sector for the first time in years. Oil sector expansion is expected to slow from recent years to 9.5% growth, due to lower crude prices.
• Guyana forecasts an average of $71.9 per barrel for its crude this year, down from $78-80 last year, which would secure about $2.2Bn in revenue from oil exports.

(Source: Reuters)

• In its quarterly World Economic Prospects report, published on Friday, January 17^th, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) kept its growth forecast for the Latin American economy for 2025 stable at 2.5%.
• Among the largest countries in the region, the IMF maintains Brazil’s growth forecast of 2.2%, raises Mexico’s growth forecast by one-tenth (1.4%), and expects a strong rebound in the Argentine economy (5.0%) after the 2024 recession.
• According to new IMF calculations, Brazil’s economy will slow down after recording robust growth of 3.7% in 2024. The calculations revise the forecast released last October by seven-tenths of a percentage point.
• IMF sources acknowledged that the Fund’s main concern regarding the Latin American economy is the inflationary pressure in Brazil – which led the Central Bank to raise interest rates to 12.25%.
• Additionally, the IMF report raised Mexico’s economic growth forecasts for 2025 by one-tenth to 1.4% and kept 2% unchanged for 2026. However, the IMF indicated that “economic activity is moderating in Mexico, with a slowdown in private consumption and investment, and a decrease in employment growth.”
• However, from 2025, the IMF forecasts a significant rebound, with growth of 5.0% that would also be maintained in 2026, representing an upward revision of three-tenths for next year.

(Sources: IMF & Dominican Today)

• Newly sworn-in President Donald Trump vowed on Monday that the United States would take back the Panama Canal as he delivered an inauguration speech in which he invoked the 19th-century expansionist doctrine of "Manifest Destiny.
• Doubling down on his pre-inauguration threat to reimpose U.S. control over the canal, Trump again accused Panama of breaking the promises it made for the final transfer of the strategic waterway in 1999 and of ceding its operation to China - claims that the Panamanian government has vehemently denied. "We didn't give it to China. We gave it to Panama, and we're taking it back," Trump said.
• He gave no further details on when or how he intended to do that but had previously refused to rule out the possible use of military force, which drew criticism from Washington's Latin American friends and foes alike. Panama's President Jose Raul Mulino on Monday responded on X that his country has administered the canal responsibly for world trade, including for the U.S., and that it "is and will continue to be Panamanian."
• Trump's reiteration of his threat about the Panama Canal as he began his second term was his most blatant mention of an agenda for territorial expansion that he has laid out in recent weeks.
• In the run-up to his inauguration, he had also said he wanted to acquire Greenland, portraying the overseas Danish territory as crucial for U.S. national security interests, and mused about turning Canada into a U.S. state.

Source: (Reuters)

• Chinese officials and ordinary people are hopeful but on edge as Donald Trump returns to the White House, eager to avoid a repeat of the bruising trade war that drove a wedge between the economic superpowers during his first term.
• Chinese Vice President Han Zheng, in meetings with Tesla CEO Elon Musk and other members of the U.S. business community in Washington ahead of Trump's inauguration, said he hoped U.S. companies would "take root" in China and help to stabilise bilateral relations, the official Xinhua news agency reported.
• When Trump was last president, he heaped tariffs on more than $300Bn of Chinese imports. In recent months, he has said he would add tariffs of at least 10% on top of what is already imposed on Chinese goods, a move that would hurt China at a time when its economy is struggling to find a firm footing.
• At the same time, the U.S. president-elect made the seemingly conciliatory move of inviting Chinese President Xi Jinping to attend his inauguration on Monday. Xi sent Han in his place, a gesture of goodwill given that China was only represented by its ambassador at the previous two U.S. presidential inaugurations.
• At their meeting on Sunday, Han told Musk, appointed by Trump to lead a department aimed at creating a more efficient U.S. government, that he "welcomed Tesla

(Source: Reuters)